Taking Initiation (Bay'ah)

Bismillahir'Rahmanir'Rahim

The seeker must follow a perfect Master able to guide him to the way of Allah, Almighty and Exalted, and to illuminate for him that way until he reaches the State of Annihilation. The seeker must give his oath and his promise to his guide, to learn from him how to leave his bad manners and to lift himself to better conduct in order to reach the Perfect Knowledge of Spirituality.

The meaning of initiation and its conditions have been mentioned in the Holy Qur'an, in the Sunnah of the Prophet and in the life of the Companions.

1. In verse 10 of Surat al-Fath, "Verily those who swear allegiance to thee indeed swear allegiance to Allah. The hand of Allah is over their hands. So whoever breaks his oath breaks it to his own loss; and whoever fulfils the covenant that he has made with Allah, He will surely give him a great reward." [48:10]

2. In verse 91 of Surat an-Nahl, "And fulfil the Covenant of Allah when you have made it; and break not your oaths after making them firm, while you have made Allah your surety. Certainly, Allah knows what you do." [16:91]

3. In verse 34 of Surat al-Isra', "and fulfil the covenant, for the covenant shall be questioned about." [17:34]

We see the Qur'an encouraging the people to give their oath and to keep their oath to the Prophet (s), who leads them to the presence of Allah, Almighty and Exalted. That initiation was done in the time of the Prophet (s) and after the time of the Prophet (s).

According to the Sunnah of the Prophet (s), the oath was taken from men, as a group, or as individuals; from women, as a group or as individuals, and even from children. Bukhari and Muslim narrate that ‘Ubada ibn as-Samit said, "The Prophet (s) said, 'Give me your pledge and oath not to associate anything with Allah, not to steal, not to commit adultery, not to kill your children, not to backbite, not to fall into sin; and who keeps his promise, then his reward is from Allah, Almighty and Exalted.' And then we gave our pledge to the Prophet (s) and our oath."

The Prophet (s) used to give initiation (bay'ah) to all people and urged them to take it. Bukhari and Muslim narrated in their books that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said, "When we pledged to the Prophet (s) to listen and obey, the Prophet (s) used to say, 'To the limit that you can carry.'"

Initiation of Women

The Prophet (s) gave bay'ah to women many many times. It is narrated by Imam A mad in the Musnad that Salma bint Qays said, "I came to the Prophet (s) with many people from the Ansar, and we gave him our bay'ah, our pledge that we would not associate anyone with Allah, we would not steal, we would not commit adultery, we would not kill our children, we would not backbite and we would not disobey. We gave him our bay’ah and we went."

Initiation of Children

The Prophet (s), according to the books of Nisa'i and Tirmidhi gave initiation to Umayymah bint Ruqiyyah. It was narrated by Tabarani that 'Izza bint Khayyil took initiation from the Prophet (s) when they were not yet seven. It was also narrated by Tabarani in in an authentic hadith that the Prophet (s) gave bay’ah to al-H asan, al-Hussain, ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbas and ‘Abdullah ibn Ja’far when they were 7 years of age.

The Companions of the Prophet (s) gave Bay’ah to the khalifs of the Prophet (s) after his passing. It is narrated through the books of Sirah of the Sahhaba that the Sahaba gave Bay’ah to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, to ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, to ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan, to ‘Ali, to Mu’awiya, and to all the khalifs who came later, as they had given it to the Prophet (s).

The Prophet (s) said in a Hadith related by Abu Dawud and Ahmad, "Whoever imitates a group of people will be of them." So the inheritors of the Masters of the Sufi orders, especially the Naqshbandi Sufi Order, inherited the initiation in every century. As it was an obligation in the time of the Prophet, and in the time of the Sahaba and in the time of the Tabi’in and Tabi’ at-Tabi’in, and in the times of the Umayyads, Abbasids, Seljukids, and Ottomans, so it is also an obligation to give our Bay’ah to a perfect guide, who guides us to the Way of Allah, Almighty and Exalted. And who is a better guide than the Sufi Masters who are inheritors of the Prophet (s) and inheritors of the Divine Presence?

The scholar Abul asan ‘Ali Nadwi wrote in his book Rijal al-Fikr wa-d-Da’wah , page 253, "Abdul Qadir Jilani, the Ghawth of the Sufi Orders, Shaikh Muhiyideen ibn Arabi, and all the Masters of the Naqshbandi Golden Chain, opened the door of initiation as wide as possible, for every individual who has good and true belief, to find something that will be of value to him spiritually, and for everyone to renew his Bay’ah with Allah, Almighty and Exalted. These Sufi Masters of the Naqshbandi Golden Chain and all Sufi orders lifted their followers to a station of Truthfulness, to feel the responsibility of their initiation and to renew their faith."

Thus we see that it is an important factor in every Sufi Order for one to take Bay’ah with the Shaikh, in order to sanctify oneself and to be lifted up to the Divine Presence. These guides are the revivers in every century, to connect our hearts with the heart of the Prophet (s), who in his turn connects our heart to the Divine Presence. These guides are the beacon of the light of the Prophet (s) and the light of the Divine Presence and they are the true examples for all nations to follow.

THE PROBLEM OF BAI’AH (i.e. PLEDGE OF OBEDIENCE) AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF REFRAINING FROM BAI’AH.

It is clear from the following hadith that bai’ah was a part of Islam as delivered by the Prophet (s):

Junada bin Abi Umaiya said: we entered upon Ubada bin as-Samit while he was sick. We said: May Allah make you healthy. Will you tell us a hadith which you heard from the Prophet (s) and by which Allah may make you benefit?

He said: The Prophet (s) called us and we gave him the bai’ah (pledge of Obedience) for islam, and amongst the conditions on which he took the pledge from us, was that we were to listen and obey (the orders) both at the time when we were active and at the time when we were tired, and at our difficult time and at our ease, in need of that which we give up, and that which we should not fight, contest with or dispute with (the Ameer) in his right except in case of such open kufr (disbelief) which can be used as proof with Allah.
(Bukhari)


Abdullah ibn ‘Umar said that he heard the Messenger of Allah say: whoever removes a hand from (the pledge of) obedience he will meet Allah on the day of qiyamah with no evidence (of being a believer): and whoever dies without bai’ah on his neck (i.e. without having given the pledge of obedience to the Imam/ Ameer and, as a consequence, submitted himself to the obligation of having to obey the Ameer/Imam), has died a death of jahiliyyah.

(Muslim)

Wassalam

Aaisha